What does Windows do? Genuine question, I’ve not used it since the 7 days. Regarding Linux, that’s true for stuff installed through regular package managers and whatnot, but Flatpak is pushing a more sandboxed and permission oriented system, akin to Android.
I have the exact same issue on my Pixel 4a. Tried a bunch of stuff, even installing their gallery app (with network and everything in XPrivacyLua blocked), to no avail. It just crashes when using the shortcut.
My “solution” was to place a shortcut to the normal gallery app on the home screen and train myself to quickly switch to it.