This was years ago before GPU processing really took off, and we wanted the performance, but also, wanted to see if we could develop an affordable discrete lab device that could be placed in labs to aid in computationally directed bench work. So effectively, testing the efficacy of the models and designing ASICs to perform lab tests.
It sounds like they trained a classification model using 39,000 molecules with known reactivity to MRSA. The molecules are vectorized text representations of the structures. Once trained, they can run arbitrary molecules through the model and see which ones are predicted to have antibiotic properties, or at least MRSA reactivity.
They likely fed in molecules from families of structures that seem likely to contain an antibiotic but are too numerous to manually test them all. They get a prediction of which ones are likely to have the properties they want, and then start the slow process of creating and testing the molecules in the lab.
It doesn’t sound like it but they don’t have enough detail in the article to say.
It sounds likey they are using a classification model that takes a vectorized text representation of molecules and classifies or scores them by their expected properties/reactivity. They took 39,000 molecules with known reactivity to MRSA to train the model, I assume to classify the structures. Once trained they can feed in arbitrary molecules into the trained model and see which ones are predicted to have antibiotic properties, which they can verify with bench work.
They likely fed in molecules from classes of likely candidate structures, and the model helped focus and direct the wet work.
I’m not up on the latest, but years ago I helped a similar project using FPGAs running statistical models to direct lab work.
That’s a good takeaway. AWS is the ultimate Swiss army knife, but it is easy to misconfigure. Personally, when you are first learning AWS, I wouldn’t put more data in then you are willing to pay for on the most expensive tier. AWS also gives you options to set price alerts, so if you do start playing with it, spend the time to set cost alerts so you know when something is going awry.
Have a great day!
So you just asked the most confusing thing about AWS service names due to how names changed over time.
Before S3 had an archival tier, there existed a separate service that AWS named AWS Glacier Storage, and then renamed to AWS S3 Glacier.
Around 2012 AWS started adding tiers to S3 which made the standalone service redundant. I received you look at S3 proper unless you have something like a Synology that can directly integrate with the older job based API used by the original glacier service.
So, let’s say I have a 1TB archival file, single tarball, and I upload it to a brand new S3 bucket, without version, special features, etc, except it has a life cycle policy to move objects from S3 standard to S3 Glacier instant access after 0 days. So effectively, I upload the file and it moves to Glacier class storage.
The S3 standard is ~$24/tb/month, and lets say worst case scenario our data sits on standard for one whole day before moving.
$0.77+$0.005 (API cost of the put)
Then there is the lifecycle charge to move the data from standard to glacier, with one request per object each way. Since we only have one object the cost is
$0.004 out of standard
$0.02 into glacier
The cost of glacier instant tier is $4.1/tb/month. Since we would be there all but one day, the cost on the first bill would be:
$3.95
The second month onwards you would pay just the $4.1/month unless you are constantly adding or removing.
Let’s say six months later you download your 1tb archive file. That would incur a cost of up to $30.
Now I know that seems complicated and expensive. It is, because it is providing services to me in my former role as director of engineering, with complex needs and budgets to pay for stuff. It doesn’t make sense as a large-scale backup of personal data, unless you also want to leverage other AWS services, or you are truly just dumping the data away and will likely never need to retrieve it.
S3 is great for complying with HIPAA, feeding data into a cdn, and generally dumping data around in performant way. I’ve literally dropped a petabyte off data into S3 and it just took it and did its thing.
In my personal AWS account I use S3 as a place to dump cache contents built by lambda functions and served up by API gateway. Doing stuff like that is super cheap. I also use private git repos (code commit), private container registry (ecr), and container host (ECS), and it is nice have all of that stuff just click together.
For backing up my personal computer, I use iDrive personal and OneDrive, where I don’t have to worry about the cost per object, etc. iDrive (not an Apple service) let’s you backup multiple devices to their platform and keeps them versioned.
Anyway, happy to help answer questions. Have a great day.
Thanks for posting. I just deployed to my container host in AWS ECS and it’s working well in my testing. Very easy deployment with docker.
It’s complicated. I gave the most expensive pricing, which is their fastest tier and includes stripping across three availability zones and guarantees 11 nines of data durability. Additionally, the easy integration with all other AWS services and the feature richness of S3 buckets makes it hard to do a fair apple to apple comparison unless you really have well defined needs. So I gave the highest price to keep it simple, and for someone who says they just have a few GB, any cost should be trivial.
AWS S3 has a free tier that covers the first 5Gb. I recommend it because the AWS cli is excellent, and gives you lots of options for how to sync your data. The pricing is $0.023/GB/month after the free tier. It can be overwhelming to get into AWS but it is worth it to have access to the ultimate IT service swiss army knife.
I run a lot of tech, containerized workloads in AWS, home firewalls running on protectli boxes for all my family around the country, wireless controllers to run APs for my family around the country, but as I got older one thing I stopped rolling my own instance of was data backups. My data backs up to OneDrive and iDrive, so two copies of my data. My wife has access to both via shared credentials in a 1password folder that she knows how to access and uses regularly.
As I got older and I had a family, the pictures of our kids, wills, financial records, insurance documents are all just too important. Every service that holds my data is paid annually for less than $200/year total and auto renews. She could call either company and prove ownership if she ever did need help getting access. Also, I can easily share folders to her.
It’s funny how getting older makes you think of the sorts of issues enterprise teams have. Don’t implement solutions where you will be one deep, have a succession plan, and complexity is the enemy. All the tech I run now is fun and helpful, but can be replaced with a trip to BestBuy. The data and pictures however must be easy to retrieve for her.
So I don’t have a good self hosted solution for you other than to say that at some point it’s ok to change your strategy. And if you are worried about privacy, you can encrypt subsets of your data locally before it is backed up.
Awesome, I’ll take a look!
I’ve had really bad luck lately with finding good Indian food. The last few times I tried the food was alright, but not particularly flavorful. I like spicy and even asked for the dishes spicy, and they were still fairly bland.
Fortunately I moved recently so I’m hopeful I can find a good place now.
I got into computers at a young age in the early 90s. You couldn’t really do much without getting knowledgeable. I learned basic and then assembler to follow along with magazines that shipped game code for you to follow along with. I later went on to build my own 16 bit computer out of NAND gates, including ALU, wrote a rudimentary compiler, network stack, and OS, etc. Very primitive but functional. I really just wanted to figure out how it all worked through the full stack, and get my games working along the way.
I eventually learned more languages and launched a career in IT and moved through just about every role. Picked up a math degree along the way to help. Was a system programmer on an IBM zos mainframe using C, natural, and assembler. Was a.net developer for a while, an enterprise DBA, cloud and network engineer, and then eventually exited the technical career through management.
So I guess I just always was interested in how computers worked, and getting my games working. I left the technical roles one I felt I had figured out all that I really needed to and went on to other challenges. Still play games and tinker with my own projects though.
I would recommend people read the IAB ad blocker detection guide for Europe which provides a good summary of what is possible. It lays out the that depending on how the detection is done it might be defensible to rely on ToS, and to remove all risk, implement a consent banner, wall, or both.
Which is to say, even if it was ruled that YouTube can’t rely on ToS, which I don’t think is a sure thing, they would just have a consent wall like for cookies.
One thing I’ll add is I often found it helpful to glide them in which helps straighten the wires, then pull them out and trim the ends to be even. Then put back in connector, and make sure all pins touch all wire ends.
That sounds like the digital notary process.
Proof by intimidation:
is left as an exercise for the reader.
can be trivially shown.
as shown in many introductory texts.
When you added them as non-steam games did you manually set the compatibility to proton experimental?
I’ve only used the original game installers getting things going for my kids, so it’s possible something in the way the files are repacked is different than what proton is used to.
One thing I’ll throw in to help with dependencies is that if you add a games installer as a non-steam game, set proton experimental compatibly, and when you run it will install all the dependencies you need.
Then, after install, edit the non-steam game you created to point the path to the game executable. You can’t remove the game from steam for the installer and add a second one for the game because adding a non-steam game creates a steam managed folder that holds dependencies that will be deleted when you remove it. This you need to edit the game entry for the installer to point to the game executable inside that steam created folder.
Doing this I installed battle net, and then changed the path for the exec to the battle net launcher, and was able to play Blizzard games. For me I did it to get diablo 2 resurrected running for my kids on their steam decks, but I was super impressed by the proton compatibility layer.
I agree. Unfortunately many folks who are attracted to security issues and topics don’t have a great holistic view of things. The idea of security is that something can go wrong and you are still ok, and that you apply context appropriate measures. Of course sending a password through email isn’t good, but it’s a gaming forum. A security conscious individual should have randomly generated passwords for everything and no reuse. Likewise, it wasn’t a bank or a security company, it was an old forum software for public discussions, so contextually this isn’t a top concern.
The cherry on top is that it appears to have been an old screenshot and already addressed.
It sounds like they are moving forward with clinical testing in partnership with a bio company, so I’m sure they withheld the information anticipating a patent. The results of this paper was the validation of the explainable AI model which identified candidate classes of compounds.