Any evidence of how far back in their dinosaur lineage the avian DVR originated?

The password to my home server is a salted hash of my primary (memorized) password, so I can recover it from any computer that can run the hash function. From there I can access the rest of my saved passwords, bookmarks, etc.

But during the Second Iron Age (450 to 52 B.C.), Creuzier-le-Neuf was at the crossroads of territorial occupation by the powerful Celtic Arverni, Aedui and Bituriges tribes.

We’ve had one Iron Age, yes. But what about Second Iron Age?

CasaOS is not an operating system and more like a GUI for Docker

So it’s more like Portainer?

If I’m following, the gist is that more biodiversity causes species to specialize rather than generalize.

Is that really so unexpected?

My theory is that the inhabitants of K2-18b are deliberately flooding their atmosphere with dimethyl sulfide to make it unappealing to humans.

Of course hermaphroditic worms are one thing, and humans traits are another

Yeah, I have to keep reminding myself of that.

…after the predator instantly becomes enamored with the adorable baby quokka, and calls her own kids over to play.

According to the paper, they tested ten different split-and-merge scenarios and this one was the most likely. But they give some important caveats, including:

• They assume that the smaller group had a more-or-less constant population size—if it fluctuated significantly, some of their other predictions on the dating of the split and merge might be off.

• They can’t rule out more complicated scenarios, like three or more splits and merges (but they can rule out the simpler scenario of no splits).

They do say that they tested their model on a number of other species (including chimps, bats, and dolphins), and got results consistent with those species’ known evolutionary histories.

They compared the entire genomes of 26 different modern human populations, and modeled their history to account for the patterns in the modern genomes.

For example, suppose a particular gene has two distinct groups within the modern genomes, with each group showing similar mutations within the group that are different from the mutations in the other group. You can infer that the two groups represent a split into two populations that later recombined, and you can infer the time of the split and the relative population sizes of the two groups from the number of mutations in each group.

Do that for the entire genome and you can make finer-grained inferences, like determining which genes experienced positive or negative selection pressure.

So the way I’m interpreting this is that the finch’s song neurons are pass-by-value and the budgerigar’s are pass-by-reference.

Further images reveal how massive galaxies surrounded by dark matter, the invisible substance said to pervade the universe, warp space and magnify more distant galaxies behind them.

So Euclid’s images violate Euclid’s parallel postulate.

all of those languages implement recursion in one or another way

Yeah—Python and English are both recursive, so that doesn’t account for why the brain processes them differently. But they need to figure out what other feature does account for it—ideally by finding a pair of (probably artificial) languages that differ only in the exact feature which triggers the language network. Then they can figure out how that feature relates to recursion or any other mental abilities that might have co-evolved with language.

I suspect their ultimate goal is to confirm or refute the common theory that there’s a general mental faculty for recursion that’s used both for natural language and for other recursive tasks (implying that language and recursive thought evolved together).

Sure.

I suspect the motivation behind this study was to try to narrow down the deciding factor in the earlier study showing a difference between natural and programming languages—the next logical step would be looking at a more “artificial” conlang like Lojban (and/or a more “natural” programming language like ACE).

The end result will probably be some broader category of “language-network-interpretable” languages including natural and (some but maybe not all) conlangs.

In previous work, Fedorenko and her students have found that computer programming languages, such as Python — another type of invented language — do not activate the brain network that is used to process natural language. Instead, people who read computer code rely on the so-called multiple demand network, a brain system that is often recruited for difficult cognitive tasks.

I’m curious if there’s some overlap between conlangs and programming languages, on the region level if not the network level. IIRC, the multiple demand network is a bit ill-defined and every region doesn’t necessarily activate for every task; and Fedorenko et al have their own idiosyncratic definition of the language network that omits anything that might also have other functions (including canonical regions like Broca’s and Wernike’s areas).

Technically it’s a combination of absolute humidity and temperature. Bathrooms can be prone to mold even if they’re not any more humid than the rest of the house, because metal plumbing can conduct heat out of the room into the ground—causing the room to get cold enough for moisture to condense even if the water fixtures in the room aren’t in use.

For instance, formal burial customs began to appear around 110,000 years ago in Israel for the first time worldwide, likely as a result of intensified social interactions.

Wait—are they saying formal burial customs appeared worldwide at that time (including Israel), or that the Israeli site was the first appearance in the world?

I would be shocked if the vast majority of them don’t already play KSP.

Internal server (Home Assistant etc.): domus
External server (Nextcloud etc.): nimbus
Router/firewall: murus