𞋴𝛂𝛋𝛆

  • 68 Posts
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Joined 3 years ago
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Cake day: June 9th, 2023

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  • It is just a cleanliness standard. It is not required. I spent a decade in the details of automotive paint. I only covered the surface basics for paint. What I call clean for paint is an order of magnitude more dirty than a surgeon, and they are orders of magnitude more dirty than a silicon chip foundry. When it comes to making plastic stick and look pretty, an automotive painter might be helpful for framing the scope of what is possible. All I can tell you is I have a Prusa and never have these problems, so I explained my experience and methodology as to why I do as I said. Again, sorry this upsets you.



  • It can coat the inside of the drier. Use Bounty paper towels as a control when in question. Bounty are often used in automotive paint shops for a few reasons, but they are trustworthy for composition. If the two plies are separated, they make a good strain filter. That is the primary reason they are used. They also tend to be lower lint though not perfect. A tack cloth is used in the booth with controlled filtered air flow either across or down draft, so it is not a concern for perfect paint.

    One of the tricks of automotive painting is to add a couple of drops of Palmolive dish soap to the water bucket used with wet sanding. It makes 3M Imperial Wet/Dry sandpaper last several times longer and acts as a mild degreaser the whole time. Any residue is cleaned in the booth stage using a special Wax and Grease Remover solvent that is the least reactive of the painting solvents. While this solvent is used extensively, still the fact that Palmolive dish soap can be used at all indicates how it is clean, consistent, and chemically irrelevant. Automotive paint reacts with many chemicals but specifically silicon is the worst problem. It causes fisheyes aka little divot like holes to form in the clearcoat. In most situations involving contamination and adhesion, silicon is the main issue that will be very persistent. It is so bad in automotive paint that in the worst cases, we turn to adding an actual silicon solution into the 2k clearcoat and trying to guess what concentration will match the problem area to level it. Otherwise, the entire job must be stripped to the raw surface and start over. Silicon issues only show up in the final wet clearcoat layer shortly after it is sprayed and leveled.

    The reason why I have written all of this is to illustrate this point: the silicon is essentially floating on every underlying layer. The solvent has wet the area and the silicon just floats to the top of some filler, 2k primer, sealer, top coat color and when it gets to the clearcoat it blows a hole through it. There are two solutions. Use a two part epoxy primer that is a pain in the ass to sand, or clean the the raw surface with lacquer thinner or virgin acetone. In automotive paint, those two solvents are dangerous for causing a ton of other contamination and reactions issues. However, these are the only solvents that will take off silicon without diluting it and making the problem worse. Alcohol is a joke with no place in the automotive paint world when I was painting. I got out before water based stuff ruined the industry by making refinishing exponentially more expensive. That is only the color coat and some primers, so there may be alcohol used in some way in these, but it will not involve cleaning. Tire shine is the main source of silicon issues in automotive paint.

    I have the empirical experience to know what I am looking at with cleaning and solvents. Alcohol is okay for minor issues, but think of it as constantly diluting and wiping the problem across the whole surface. Eventually, just use some virgin acetone to actually clean the thing properly. Paint is just plastic too. Each type requires a different type of tooth to mechanically bond to. With printing, I use 600 grit to lightly knock the shine off of the print plate surface. I go lighter on the textured sheet, but I only use the textured sheet with PETG because it is the only one that takes the textured pattern completely without showing layer lines. I print weekly on average, and use acetone and sandpaper around once a year. When I use glue stick, I clean the plate with dish soap after. I use alcohol in between. You will need an enclosure for ASA, ABS, and any larger PC prints regardless of the sheet or glue. Two IKEA Lack tables with legs stacked using double sided screws, then a clear shower curtain liner, and some tack nails does the job for under $50.

    I would never use towels from any drier that has ever had fabric softener used in it for automotive paint. That is a contamination nightmare for me.


  • PLA will be better for hardware store and hobby junk. You cannot use automotive class finishes and expect them to last. Generally stick to one brand. Most paints are formulated for steel. ABS is the closest to steel in thermal properties. The expansion is the most important attribute. PLA has a different thermal profile so catalysed 2-part paints will not work very well long term. Rattle can enamel is junk by comparison, but it never fully cures like automotive paints. That property helps it stay in place longer in general. There are special adhesion promoters like bulldog for automotive stuff, but the thermal properties will still be an issue.

    Pro automotive paint is 99.9% sanding and prep work. It is far more intense and rigorous than people realize. Perfection happens in the prep work. The actual paint is just a way of showing off that perfection. Mastering automotive paint is actually all about defeating yourself. Perfection is not subject to your emotions or expectations. It is right when it is perfect.

    You want the highest pressure spray cans as possible. Also, if you do not used all of the can at once, flip it upside down and clear the nozzle by letting the siphon into the empty void and spraying. If you have a compressor that does not shoot out a bunch of oil or water, a cheap Harbor Freight pink gun with the nozzle of the can beside the spray gun will work wonders by atomizing the spray far more effectively.


  • You are solely responsible for vetting the software that you choose to run.

    I do not review or care about the tools a person uses to create their projects. I appreciate the disclaimer when the person discloses their aptitude and confidence in their code.

    Free software and Unix culture is a culture of hackers. Stallman’s very degree is in AI. Emacs is mostly a thing because lisp was adapted early on for AI development many decades ago.

    Junk code is nothing new. X11 is notoriously bad, yet you likely have parts of it running on your hardware. Proprietary code is far far worse than anything a hacker posts as open source, yet you are running proprietary blobs on whatever device you are looking at now. Even if you are like myself with a libreboot machine, Leah readily admits that you need to run the core duo microcode if you want it to run right, and are not using that hardware for your primary device. The culture of antiAI is dogmatic nonsense. It is a tool, not a religion. It can be used harmfully or helpfully. I can’t fix stupid in anyone except myself. I do not fault anyone for what they run, the projects they share, or the background they come from. I encourage everyone to be positive and help their fellow hackers. I value participation and enthusiasm. Dogma and negativity are toxic.

    I am ultra liberal. You have a right to all information, a right to skepticism, a right to error, and a right to protest in non violent forms aka the right to offend others. You do not have a right to infringe the rights of others.

    This anti AI populism infringes the rights to all information and right to error if any administrative actions are taken. Your right to protest and skepticism is duly noted. If these become toxic in any ways that alter the dissemination of information, or toxic/harmful to the individual sharing information, I will remove the offending comments. If the person continues, I will escalate. I am only the janitor here. I clean up the messes. I do not matter, but neither does anyone else here. It is a community, and only the community matters. Garbage software is bog standard. Crusade against things that matter like proprietary software leveraged hardware theft and SaaS.



  • The easiest way I know of to check any machine is to put another router or machine in front of it with a white list firewall or way of logging DNS traffic. You just need to spot the address in the list.

    DNS filtering usually only filters on incoming packets, but for bot stuff that should catch issues.

    In general, most routers run everything from a serial flash chip on the board. These are usually 8, 16, or 32 megabytes. They have a simple bootloader like U-Boot. This is what loads the operating system. These devices have a UART serial port on the PCB. You can use a USB to serial UART adaptor to see what is happening in the device. With a proprietary OS, you are still likely to see the pre-init boot sequence that the bootloader prints to terminal. Most operating systems also print information to this interface, at least of the couple dozen junk devices I have been given and messed around with. I make a little mount for a USB to serial adaptor and add it to all of my routers when new, so I only need to plug in USB to get to the internal bootloader and tty terminal interface of OpenWRT. You will need to know the default baud rate of the device, although it is probably listed somewhere online or can be guessed as one of the common high values at or above 9600.

    Getting into this further gets complicated. It is probably better to look for any CVE that is relevant to the device or software and work backwards. Look for any software updates that have obfuscated the risk for each CVE. If the issue was not fixed, that is where to look to see if someone has exploited the device. Ultimately, they need clock cycles from the CPU scheduler. So it must be a process or some way of executing code from unregistered memory.

    This is getting to the edge of what I have messed around with and understand. There may be a way to get a memory map that includes unused pages, and compare that with a hex dump of the flash memory. This is outside of your scope of a proprietary OS, but hopefully frames the abstract scope of what is possible on this class of device when you have an open source stack. The main advantage of this kind of device and issue is that you can physically remove the flash chip and then see and manipulate every page and memory location. The device likely doesn’t have microcode loaded into the CPU(s) that make it challenging to determine what is going on.

    There is probably an easier way, but a hex dump of the current system can be hashed against the factory updated version to see if any differences are present. It is likely that any exploit will include a string with the address to connect to somewhere in flash memory. It could be obfuscated through encryption or a cypher, but a simple check for strings in the hex dump and a grep for “http” is a simple way to looks for issues.

    The OpenWRT forum is a good general source. The people behind the bootloaders for these devices are also Linux kernel developers and on the OpenWRT forum.


  • Obviously, all the junk noncoding DNA most life is carrying around likely includes some coping mechanisms for whatever potential situations arise. Like there is the one town in Iran with something like ten times Earth’s nominal background radiation and people are fine living there.

    Makes me a bit concerned when this kind of thing is talked about and researched. Probably my cynicism, but if it gets out that most species have some genetic tolerance in a significant portion of the population, the potential for nuclear weapons use increases dramatically. I believe it is likely that early life had a lot more exposure to radiation, so early ancestors likely evolved the machinery. When the vast majority of DNA is noncoding, I think the probability is high. We come at the medical issue backwards, playing wack-a-mole with symptoms, rather than building a full ontological understanding of biology. That level is still centuries away. Hopefully we are less primitive murder orgy fans by then. We survived the world war of chemicals, and physics that followed. If we survive the world war of computer science, the world war of biology will be the brutal final boss for the starting planetary level of Evo’ Universe. Who bets we can beat the game on one evo life?







  • So the trick to sanding longer with abrasives is wet sanding. In addition, in automotive work, a drop of Palmolive dish soap is added to a bucket of water. This addition makes a huge difference.

    Overall, the principal of like polishes like is important. In abstract, polish is just fine abrasion. Like your finger prints are around 5k-7k grit equivalent. Rub something long enough and you will both polish and abrade it the same as this grit. The oils in your skin are the polishing agent.

    I have played around with 10k grit wet sanding and then machine polishing with a light compound where places I rested my hand showed minor variations after stripping any oils and fillers with wax and grease remover (solvent).

    I can think of several aspects to increase the complexity here. One could add inserts into the outer vibrating shell. These could be any materials.

    I think the bigger issue will actually be the distance between the object and the shell. You see, the size of the random orbital action is the product of two concentric circles. In the pro automotive world, these are pneumatically driven. There are several models available with different properties related to this motion and the internal balance of the mechanism. Within this range of actuation, it is critical that abrasion does not follow a path of repetition. I think this likely means the shell must be larger than the radius of the largest of these two circles or maybe a more complicated size larger than the combination of overlapping radii including their central connection point. This should enable the part to move within the range of random sanding action. That range means the sanding is over a larger area.

    The best shell is likely one with gaps similar to a DA sander with ports for dust collection.

    Very little of any fiber touches the actual nozzle during printing. The actual fiber size used in filament is far far smaller than what most people imagine. It is only the waste dust from the production and processing of carbon fiber. All actual fibers of any useful length are sold in industry for use in composites. There are continuous fiber printers, but that is not at all related to what is used in 3d printing. If you actually look at the data from people testing materials, fiber infused materials are always weaker. They print better because they are breaking up the polymer bonds. Lots of people jump on the buzzword thinking it is technomagic mor betterer but do not pay attention to the details. If the fiber had any length to it, it would clog like crazy because a long bunch of fibers distributed in 1.75mm crammed into 0.4mm is never going to happen. It is just like a dust additive that happens to be available and is compatible. So it should be well distributed throughout. With ABS a wipe of acetone should help too, if left to completely flash off the solvent for a week or more. That needs to be super limited though. Acetone tends to get retained in bad bad ways with ABS. It is a massive no no to use in automotive applications.







  • 𞋴𝛂𝛋𝛆@lemmy.worldMto3DPrinting@lemmy.worldMail call
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    3 months ago

    On YT, CHEP is probably one of the best references for basic Ender setup and use.

    You are unlikely to have the issue overall, but there is a nonzero chance of having issues with any aluminum extrusions based linear motion system. It is only a serious problem for a single digits percentage of people and the problem is worse on larger printers.

    When aluminum extrusions are manufactured, the tolerances of faces are really good. However the one factor that is poorly constrained is twist. The amount is imperceptible without a metrology setup to measure the deviation. In the unlikely chance that you have triple checked every part of your setup, and you are still having issues, keep in mind this is a thing that exists. Try swapping symmetrical components where possible to see if the problem follows the swapped extrusion. This is one of those issues that is nearly impossible to find on your own unless you know to look for it.

    If you need any help, don’t hesitate to reach out directly, or post. I’ll help you any way I can. Happy printing!


  • Supply chain is important for broad scope adoption, but it is an unsolvable problem.

    I was the buyer for a chain of bike shops. Unfortunately, distribution is the market bottleneck that is nearly impossible to break through.

    So, at scale, no one is capable of predicting global demand accurately for any type of retail. Almost all products that are sold by small retailers are made and sold by the real manufacturer to distributors for 30-35% of MSRP. These distributors then wholesale the inventory to retailers with a 15-20% markup. This is absolutely necessary because it distributes the burden of inventory commitment to a hierarchy where local conditions are accounted for. The distributor is actually buying the inventory and taking on the risk of overburden that does not sell.

    Likewise with retail. The markup is called keystone which means 50% margin. Most retailers will barely break even if the whole store averages 40% margins. Retail property and labor are extremely expensive and hard. In almost all small businesses, overburden is what kills them eventually. Overburden is what does not sell and becomes unmarketable over time.

    Another aspect that is not intuitive here is that no matter how you select inventory, you will never sell that entire selection on a single platform. If you are not actively attempting to recuperate cash flow from overburden, the business will slowly drown. Sales in retail are not about overburden at all. Statistically, getting new people in the front door is the only metric that matters. Loss leaders and sales are about traffic not overburden. A good buyer plans and negotiates their loss leaders for sales within their preseason ordering.

    Over the last couple of decades, more and more products have been created that bypass the big distributors. Most of it is because the product is just not worth the markup required for scaled independent distribution and middlepersons margins. However, now there is an issue of global demand where the manufacturer has the impossible task of financing scale and the inherent risk. If the product is not made at very large scale, it is uncompetitive to manufacture. You need someone willing to take that risk. As a person that has made these types of decisions at smaller scales of a few million dollars, go bet all that money on a hand of single deck blackjack because those 47-48% winning odds are outstanding by comparison.

    Retailers place preseason order commitments to get slightly better margins, but primarily because the distributors are more like banks in retail. They offer credit and repayment options that mean the retailer is not required to pay up front in cash. With bicycle stuff, I placed all of my preseason orders between September and October for the following year. Stuff started arriving between December and January. I then had a first payment due in April, but I had to pay it back by the end of July. So I had to predict the summer market a year in advance and have all of my plan detailed by autumn.

    This is how mom and pop independent retail actually works. It was not competitive with big box retail because those are not actually retailers. Those are rogue distributors selling directly to the public. The actual products are still the same 30-35% of MSRP.

    The worst product trends in retail have been the tendency for companies to market themselves as exceptions. Like I despised GoPro in my stores. The margin on the cameras was 20% and each one costs a fortune. They constantly tried to deprecate models too. They tried to pitch that all the accessories were keystone and it made up for the terrible return on investment. In reality that inventory of accessories was overburden suicide of niche garbage for special use cases.

    All electronic devices people want have fallen into this trap of low margins that are impossible for sustainable retail. When you see factory direct stores, that means the product has no margin for scale distribution. It is a neo feudalistic, brute force approach where someone is dumb enough to believe they will be able to predict global demand indefinitely without making any major errors. The public is dumb enough to follow along. Few realize the enormous power that is consolidated from cutting out the democracy of distributors and retailers. This consolidated monolith will eventually enslave everyone when they must overcome the inevitable mistakes they make. They will not just eat the loss or go out of business because they own your right to choose in a market without competition. It is surrendering choice to the dictator that makes their own demand by force.

    Yeah, so, we don’t want that. - said no one. What you want is irrelevant. The lowest common denominator dictates the market. Democracy requires a well informed and skeptical citizenry. We live in an era with the smallest information bottleneck in several centuries. Search results are not deterministic and there are only two relevant web crawlers that all providers query. These are not deterministic. Two people searching on separate devices with identical queries will get different results. All major media is owned by less than a dozen people. You have absolutely no chance of informing the citizenry to make better decisions that may cost a good bit more money. People cringe if you tell them they are slaves, but do nothing if the word citizen is redefined as functionally equivalent.

    The only way you will ever see such a product sold in any traditional independent retail scenario, is if some exceptionally altruistic billionaire were to chose to fund the thing with no concern over the loss. The only way to be competitive in price is to build at competitive scale of manufacturing. If someone else is doing this and using factory direct retail to stay in business with just a 30% gross margin in total, you will never find the necessary slice for regional distribution and retail. Your device will be $1000 at MSRP to their $600 equivalent. There is no solution to this issue. It is raw capitalism where the biggest fish makes the rules. The only counter balance in the system is an informed citizenry. This is why information and education are all that really matter. If the average person is too stupid for independent thought, it is the ultimate pwn as citizen means slave, and the peasantry are too stupid to recognize the situation where they own nothing and have no outlet to tell anyone or hear the plight of all the others.